Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Rating Scale on depressed
people. Many items of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale refer to
somatic (physical from soma meaning body) symptoms of depression which
cast doubt on the validity of HDRS scores in the presence of
concurrent organic disease. An example of a symptom that can be either
a symptom of depression or physical disease is trouble falling asleep
or remaing asleep. http://www.assessmentpsychology.com/HAM-D.pdf The
Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Scale can be found here:
http://www.cfidsselfhelp.org/files/rating_scale.pdf
J Affect Disord. 2011 Sep 17. [Epub ahead of print]
IgM-mediated autoimmune responses directed against multiple
neoepitopes in depression: New pathways that underpin the inflammatory
and neuroprogressive pathophysiology.
Maes M, Mihaylova I, Kubera M, Leunis JC, Geffard M.
Maes Clinics @ TRIA, Bangkok, Thailand.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
There is evidence that depression is accompanied by oxidative and
nitrosative stress (O&NS), as indicated by increased free radical
levels, lipid peroxidation, and lowered antioxidant levels. The aims
of the present study are to examine whether depression is accompanied
by autoimmune responses directed against a) neoepitopes that are
formed following O&NS damage; and b) the major anchorage molecules,
i.e. palmitic and myristic acids and S-farnesyl-l-cysteine.
METHODS:
We examined serum IgM antibodies to the conjugated fatty acids,
palmitic and myristic acids; acetylcholine; S-farnesyl-l-cysteine; and
NO-modified adducts in 26 depressed patients and 17 normal controls.
Severity of depression was measured with the Hamilton Depression
Rating Scale and severity of fatigue and somatic (F&S) symptoms with
the Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (FF) Rating Scale.
RESULTS:
The prevalences and mean values for the serum IgM levels directed
against conjugated palmitic and myristic acids, acetylcholine,
S-farnesyl-l-cysteine; and the conjugated NO adducts, NO-tyrosine,
NO-phenylalanine, NO-aspartate, NO-histidine, and NO-creatine were
significantly higher in depressed patients than in normal controls.
The autoimmune responses were significantly related to FF symptoms,
such as fatigue and a flu-like malaise, whereas the indicants of
nitrosative stress were related to gastro-intestinal and autonomic
symptoms.
DISCUSSION:
Depression is characterized by IgM-related autoimmune responses
directed against a) neoepitopes that are normally not detected by the
immune system but that due to damage by O&NS have become immunogenic;
and b) anchorage epitopes, i.e. palmitic and myristic acids, and
S-farnesyl-l-cysteine. These autoimmune responses play a role in the
inflammatory and O&NS pathophysiology of depression and may mediate
the cellular dysfunctions that contribute to neuroprogression, e.g.
aberrations in signal transduction, cellular differentiation and
apoptosis.
Copyright =A9 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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